日本語用論学会の皆様
青山学院大学の小野寺典子先生よりご紹介がありましたので，
会員の皆様にご案内をお知らせいたします．
---
主催：青山学院大学総合研究所プロジェクト 共催：日本語用論学会
「Elizabeth Closs Traugott 教授 講演会」のお知らせ
2014年10月9日
スタンフォード大学名誉教授エリザベス・トラウゴット先生をお招きし、下記の
とおり講演会を開催いたします。先生の文法化・（間）主観化につづく最近のご
研究について拝聴する貴重な機会になると思います。奮ってご参加くださいます
よう、ご案内申し上げます。お待ちしております。
記
講師：Professor Dr. Elizabeth Closs Traugott (Stanford University)
日時： 2014年12月7日（日）14:30 ? 16:30 （受付14:00?）
場所：青山学院大学 17号館6階 本多記念国際会議場
（JR渋谷駅より徒歩12分、メトロ表参道駅より徒歩９分）
青山キャンパス アクセスマップ
http://www.aoyama.ac.jp/outline/campus/access.html
青山キャンパスのマップ
http://www.aoyama.ac.jp/outline/campus/aoyama.html
演題：The pivotal role of linguistic context in constructional change
「概要」
Elizabeth Closs Traugott
traugott@stanford.edu
Context has been a central notion in linguistics since Verner (1875)
showed that sound change may depend on linguistic distribution and is
not exceptionless as the neogrammarians then thought.
As linguists embraced pragmatics, discourse analysis, and sociocultural
factors, an attempt was made to distinguish “context” (“external”,
material setting) from “co-text” (“internal”, verbal, linguistic
distribution (see Catford 1965). However, the distinction has proved
hard to maintain, and many linguists now simply refer to “context”
when referring to “linguistic/verbal context”.
I argue that linguistic context has a pivotal role in a usage-based
constructionalist perspective on grammatical change (Diewald and
Smirnova 2012, Traugott and Trousdale 2013). Extensive work on context
in grammaticalization has been done in an attempt to theorize Bybee,
Perkins, and Pagliuca’s (1994) statement: “Everything that happens to
the meaning of a gram [‘grammatical item’] happens because of the
contexts in which it is used”. In work on grammaticalization
researchers usually focus either on meaning or on form. In construction
grammar (e.g. Croft 2001, Goldberg 2006), both are of equal importance
since a construction is a form-meaning pairing. Therefore the role of
context in change needs to be rethought. In particular, a distinction
needs to be made between contexts that, together with language
processing, may enable onset of constructionalization (Diewald 2002
calls these “critical” contexts) and contextual changes after
constructionalization.
Examples are drawn from the development of i) a shred of in its
quantifier use (e.g. not a shred of evidence ‘not any’, Brems 2011),
ii) all but in its approximator use (e.g. she all but fell down
‘almost’, De Smet 2012), and iii) IT-clefts (e.g. It was John who fell,
Patten 2012).
References
Brems, Lieselotte. 2011. Layering of Size and Type Noun Constructions
in English. Berlin: de Gruyter Mouton.
Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The Evolution
of Grammar: Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the
World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Catford, J. C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford
University Press.
Croft, William. 2001. Radical Construction Grammar: Syntactic Theory in
Typological Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
De Smet, Hendrik. 2012. The course of actualization. Language 88:
601-633.
Diewald, Gabriele. 2002. A model for relevant types of contexts in
grammaticalization. In Wischer, Ilse and Gabriele Diewald, eds.,
New Reflections on Grammaticalization, 103-120. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Diewald, Gabriele and Elena Smirnova. 2012. Paradigmatic integration.
In Kristin Davidse, Breban, Lieselotte Brems and Tanja Mortelmans,
eds., Grammaticalization and Language Change: New reflections,
111?134. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Goldberg, Adele E. 2006. Constructions at Work: The Nature of
Generalization in Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Patten, Amanda L. 2012. The English IT-Cleft: A Constructional Account
and a Diachronic Investigation. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs and Graeme Trousdale. 2013.
Constructionalization and Constructional Change. Oxford: Oxford
University Press
Verner, Karl. 1875. Eine Ausnahme der ersten Lautverschiebung.
Zeitschrift f将舐 vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Giebiete
der Indogermanischen Sprachen 23: 97-130.
＜主催：青山学院大学総合研究所プロジェクト「英日語の『周辺部』とその
機能に関する総合的対照研究」Joseph Dias、Elizabeth C. Traugott、
東泉裕子、澤田淳、小野寺典子 共催：日本語用論学会＞
(お問い合わせ先：小野寺典子 onodera@cl.aoyama.ac.jp)
--
_______________________________________________
PSJ-News
日本語用論学会